Pre-eclampsia, also known as toxemia, is a problem that occurs in some women during pregnancy. It can happen during the second half of pregnancy. Your doctor will look for the following signs of pre-eclampsia: high blood pressure, swelling that doesn't go away and large amounts of protein in your urine. Other signs may include nausea, spots or stars in the vision, abdominal pain and headache. It is important for you to tell your doctor if you are experiencing any of these symptoms.
Who is at risk for Pre-eclampsia?
Pre-eclampsia is more common in a woman's first pregnancy and in women whose mothers or sisters had pre-eclampsia. The risk of pre-eclampsia is higher in women carrying multiple babies, in teenage mothers and in women older than age 40. Other women at risk include those who had high blood pressure or kidney disease before they became pregnant. The cause of pre-eclampsia is unknown and difficult to predict.
Does high blood pressure mean I have Pre-eclampsia?
Not necessarily. In addition to high blood pressure, women who have pre-eclampsia also have swelling and proteinuria (excess protein in the urine). Many women develop high blood pressure during pregnancy but do not go on to develop pre-eclampsia.
Does swelling mean I have Pre-eclampsia?
Swelling alone does not mean you have pre-eclampsia. Some swelling is normal during pregnancy. For example, your rings or shoes may become too tight. Swelling is considered worrisome if it does not go away after resting, if it is in your face and hands, or if you notice a rapid weight gain of more than 5 pounds in a week.
What tests can show if I have Pre-eclampsia?
If your doctor is concerned that you may be developing pre-eclampsia, he/she may order blood tests or urine testing. Home blood pressure monitoring is used to watch for rising blood pressures. A collection of urine for 24 hours will tell your health-care provider if you are developing pre-eclampsia.
What are the risks of Pre-eclampsia to the baby and me?
Pre-eclampsia can prevent the placenta (which provides oxygen and nutrients to your baby) from functioning well. This can lead to low birth weight and other problems. It can also lead to eclamptic seizures which is dangerous for both the mother and the fetus, if left untreated. Most women with pre-eclampsia will deliver healthy babies at term with regular prenatal care.
What is the treatment for Pre-eclampsia?
Treatment depends on the severity of the illness and how close to your due date you are. Sometimes small changes like decreasing your activity and resting more often will help. Reducing the amount of salt in your diet and drinking plenty of water will help. More frequent check-ups will allow your doctor to monitor the health of the baby. Sometimes delivery of the baby is the safest option for both mother and baby.